Gucika kw'imitsi ya ACL ni iki?
ACL iherereye hagati mu ivi. Ihuza igufwa ry'ikibero (femur) na tibia kandi ikarinda tibia kunyerera imbere no kuzenguruka cyane. Iyo ucitse ACL yawe, guhindura icyerekezo mu buryo butunguranye, nko kwimuka cyangwa kuzunguruka, mu mikino nka umupira w'amaguru, basketball, tennis, rugby cyangwa imikino yo kurwana, bishobora gutuma ivi ryawe rinanirwa.
Inshuro nyinshi zo gucika intege kw'imitsi ya ACL bibaho mu mvune zidahuye n'iz'umubiri ziterwa no guhindagurika kw'ivi mu gihe cy'imyitozo cyangwa amarushanwa. Abakinnyi b'umupira w'amaguru nabo bashobora kugira ikibazo nk'icyo iyo banyuze umupira mu ntera ndende, bagashyira igitutu kinini ku kuguru guhagaze.
Inkuru mbi ku bakinnyi b'abagore basoma ibi: Abagore bafite ibyago byinshi byo kwandura ACL kubera ko amavi yabo adahuje neza, ingano n'imiterere.
Abakinnyi bacikamo ACL bakunze kumva "bacitse" hanyuma ivi rikagira "ububabare" butunguranye (bitewe no kuva amaraso mu mitsi yacitse). Byongeye kandi, hari ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi: umurwayi ntashobora kugenda cyangwa gukomeza gukina siporo ako kanya bitewe n'ububabare bw'ivi. Iyo ububabare bw'ivi bugabanutse, umurwayi ashobora kumva ko ivi ridafite ishingiro ndetse adashobora no kwihagararaho, bigatuma umurwayi adakina siporo akunda cyane.
Abakinnyi benshi bazwi bagiye bahura n'ikibazo cyo kurira kwa ACL. Abo barimo: Zlatan Ibrahimovich, Ruud Van Nistelrooy, Francesco Totti, Paul Gascoigne, Alan Shearer, Tom Brady, Tiger Woods, Jamal Crawford, na Derrick Rose. Niba warigeze guhura n'ibibazo nk'ibyo, nturi wenyine. Inkuru nziza ni uko aba bakinnyi bashoboye gukomeza umwuga wabo nyuma yo kwiyubaka kwa ACL. Iyo uvuwe neza, nawe ushobora kumera nka bo!
Uburyo bwo gusuzuma ACL Tear
Ugomba kujya kwa muganga wawe niba ukeka ko ufite ACL yacitse. Bazashobora kwemeza ibi hamwe n'isuzuma kandi bakugire inama y'ingamba nziza zo gutera. Muganga wawe azagukorera ibizamini bimwe na bimwe kugira ngo amenye niba ufite ACL yacitse, harimo:
1. Isuzuma ry’umubiri aho muganga wawe azasuzuma uko ingingo y’ivi ryawe igenda ugereranije n’indi ivi ryawe ritavunitse. Bashobora kandi gukora ikizamini cya Lachman cyangwa ikizamini cyo mu kabati k’imbere kugira ngo barebe urwego rw’imikorere n’uburyo ingingo ikora neza, kandi bakakubaza ibibazo bijyanye n’uko yumva ameze.
2. Gusuzuma X-ray aho muganga wawe ashobora kwemeza ko nta gucika cyangwa igufwa ryavunitse.
3. Isuzuma rya MRI rizagaragaza imitsi yawe n'uturemangingo tworoshye kandi rikemerera muganga wawe kugenzura ingano y'ibyangiritse.
4. Isuzuma rya Ultrasound kugira ngo harebwe imitsi, imitsi n'imitsi.
Niba imvune yawe yoroheje ushobora kuba utaracitse ACL ahubwo wayirambitse gusa. Ibikomere bya ACL bipimwa kugira ngo hamenyekane uburemere bwabyo ku buryo bukurikira.
Ese ACL yacitse ishobora kwivura ubwayo?
Ubusanzwe ACL ntikira neza ubwayo kuko idafite amaraso meza. Imeze nk'umugozi. Iyo yacitse burundu hagati, biragoye ko impande zombi zihuzwa mu buryo busanzwe, cyane cyane ko ivi rihora rigenda. Ariko, bamwe mu bakinnyi bafite ACL yacitse igice bashobora kugaruka gukina igihe cyose ingingo ihamye kandi siporo bakina idasaba kuzunguruka mu buryo butunguranye (nk'umupira w'amaguru).
Ese kubaga ACL ni bwo buryo bwonyine bwo kuvura?
Gusana ACL ni ugusimbuza burundu ACL yacitse hakoreshejwe "tissue graft" (ubusanzwe ikorwa n'imitsi yo mu itako ry'imbere) kugira ngo ivi ribe rihamye. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kuvura abakinnyi bafite ivi ritameze neza kandi badashobora kwitabira siporo nyuma yo gucika kwa ACL.
Mbere yo gutekereza kubagwa, ugomba kugisha inama umuganga w’inzobere mu by’umubiri wasabwe n’umuganga wawe, hanyuma ugahabwa ubuvuzi bw’umubiri. Ibi bizagufasha gusubiza ivi ryawe ku buryo rikora neza kandi rikagira imbaraga, ndetse bikanagufasha koroshya kwangirika kw’amagufwa. Hari abaganga bemera kandi ko kongera gukora ACL bifitanye isano no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara rubagimpande hakiri kare (impinduka mu mikorere y’umubiri) bitewe n’ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bwa X-ray.
Gusana ACL ni uburyo bushya bwo kuvura ubwoko bumwe na bumwe bw'amarira. Abaganga bongera gushyira impera za ACL zacitse ku igufwa ry'ikibero bakoresheje igikoresho cyitwa medial brace. Ariko, amarira menshi ya ACL ntabwo akwiriye ubu buryo bwo gusana buziguye. Abarwayi bakorewe ubu buvuzi bagira umubare munini w'ababazwe (umuntu umwe kuri 8, nk'uko inyandiko zimwe na zimwe zibivuga). Ubu hari ubushakashatsi bwinshi ku ikoreshwa ry'uturemangingo fatizo na plasma ikungahaye kuri platelet kugira ngo bifashe ACL gukira. Ariko, ubu buryo buracyari igerageza, kandi uburyo "busanzwe" bwo kuvura buracyari ukubaga ACL.
Ni nde ushobora kungukirwa cyane no kubagwa ACL?
1. Abarwayi bakuru bakora siporo zirimo kuzunguruka cyangwa kuzunguruka.
2. Abarwayi bakuru bakora akazi gasaba imbaraga nyinshi z'umubiri kandi gasaba kuzunguruka cyangwa kuzunguruka.
3. Abarwayi bakuze (nk'abarengeje imyaka 50) bitabira siporo nziza kandi badafite impinduka zo mu ivi.
4. Abana cyangwa ingimbi bafite ACL rising. Uburyo bwahinduwe bushobora gukoreshwa mu kugabanya ibyago byo gukomereka ku gice cyo hejuru cy'umubiri.
5. Abakinnyi bafite izindi mvune zo mu ivi usibye amarira ya ACL, nko kubabara inyuma kw'ivi (PCL), kubabara inyuma kw'ivi (LCL), kubabara inyuma y'ivi (meniscus), no kubabara mu maguru. Cyane cyane ku barwayi bamwe na bamwe bafite amarira ya meniscus, niba ashobora gusana ACL icyarimwe, ingaruka zizaba nziza kurushaho.
Ni ubuhe bwoko butandukanye bw'ubuvuzi bwo kongera kubaka ACL?
1. Umutsi w'ivi - Uyu ushobora gukurwa mu buryo bworoshye imbere mu ivi binyuze mu gukata gato mu gihe cyo kubagwa (autograft). ACL yacitse ishobora kandi gusimburwa n'umutsi w'ivi utangwa n'undi muntu (allograft). Abakinnyi bafite hypermobility (hyperlaxity), ligaments zo mu gice cyo hagati cy'umubiri (MCL), cyangwa imitsi mito yo mu gice cyo hagati cy'umubiri bashobora kuba abakandida beza bo guterwa allograft cyangwa patellar tendon graft (reba hepfo).
2. Patellar tendon – Kimwe cya gatatu cy’umurwayi w’umurwayi, hamwe n’udupfundikizo tw’amagufwa yo mu gice cy’imbere cy’ivi n’inyuma y’ivi, bishobora gukoreshwa mu gushushanya tendon ya patellar. Ifite akamaro nk’agace k’imitsi, ariko ifite ibyago byinshi byo kubabara ivi, cyane cyane iyo umurwayi apfukamye kandi avunitse ivi. Umurwayi azaba afite inkovu nini imbere y’ivi.
3. Uburyo bwo gusimbuza ivi hagati y’ivi no kuringaniza ivi ry’umugongo – Mu ntangiriro yo kubaga ACL, umuganga acukura umuyoboro w’amagufwa ugororotse (umuyoboro w’amagufwa) uva mu gice cy’umugongo ujya mu gice cy’umugongo. Ibi bivuze ko umuyoboro w’amagufwa mu gice cy’umugongo atari aho ACL yari iherereye mbere. Mu buryo bunyuranye, abaganga bakoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza igufwa bagerageza gushyira umuyoboro w’amagufwa no kuwushyira hafi y’aho ACL yari iri (ifite imiterere y’umubiri) uko bishoboka kose. Bamwe mu baganga bemeza ko gukoresha uburyo bwo gusimbuza ivi bushingiye ku gice cy’umugongo bitera kudahindagurika no kwiyongera kw’umuvuduko wo gusubiramo amagufwa mu mavi y’abarwayi.
4. Uburyo bwo gufatanya imitsi yose/gufata imitsi - Uburyo bwo gufatanya imitsi yose bukoresha gucukura inyuma kugira ngo ugabanye ingano y'amagufwa agomba gukurwa mu ivi. Hakenewe gusa ikibuno kimwe kugira ngo hakorwe umutsi mu gihe cyo kongera kubaka ACL. Impamvu ni uko ubu buryo bushobora kuba budatera indwara nyinshi kandi budatera ububabare nk'uko byari bisanzwe.
5. Itsinda ry'abaganga babiri cyangwa abaganga babiri - Bamwe mu baganga bagerageza kongera kubaka imigabane ibiri ya ACL bakoresheje imyobo ine mu ivi aho gucukura ibiri. Nta tandukaniro rigaragara mu bisubizo byo kongera kubaka imigabane ibiri ya ACL - abaganga bagize umusaruro ushimishije bakoresheje uburyo bwombi.
6. Kubungabunga isahani yo gukuraho - Ibisate by'abana cyangwa ingimbi bafite imvune ya ACL biguma bifunguye kugeza ku myaka 14 ku bakobwa na 16 ku bahungu. Gukoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo kubaka ACL (transvertebral) bishobora kwangiza isahani yo gukuraho no guhagarika gukura kw'igufwa (growth stack). Umuganga w'inzobere agomba gusuzuma isahani yo gukura y'umurwayi mbere yo kuvurwa, gutegereza kugeza igihe umurwayi arangije gukura, cyangwa gukoresha uburyo bwihariye kugira ngo adakora ku bisate by'ikuraho (periosteum cyangwa adventitia).
Ni ryari igihe cyiza cyo kongera gukora ACL nyuma yo gukomereka?
Byaba byiza ugiye kubagwa mu byumweru bike nyuma yo gukomereka. Gutinda kubagwa mu gihe cy'amezi 6 cyangwa arenga byongera ibyago byo kwangiza agati n'izindi ngingo z'ivi, nka meniscus. Mbere yo kubagwa, ni byiza niba warahawe ubuvuzi bw'umubiri kugira ngo ugabanye kubyimba no kongera gukora neza, no gukomeza imitsi yawe y'imbere y'ikibero.
Ni iyihe nzira yo gukira nyuma yo kubagwa ACL?
1. Nyuma yo kubagwa, umurwayi azumva ububabare bw'ivi, ariko muganga azamwandikira imiti ikomeye igabanya ububabare.
2. Nyuma yo kubagwa, ushobora gukoresha inkoni zo guhagarara no kugenda ako kanya.
3. Hari abarwayi bafite ubuzima bwiza ku buryo bashobora gusezererwa kuri uwo munsi.
4. Ni ngombwa ko umuntu ahabwa ubuvuzi bw'umubiri vuba bishoboka nyuma yo kubagwa.
5. Ushobora gukenera gukoresha imbago mu gihe cy'ibyumweru 6
6. Ushobora gusubira mu kazi ko mu biro nyuma y'ibyumweru 2.
7. Ariko niba akazi kawe gasaba imbaraga nyinshi, bizagutwara igihe kirekire kugira ngo usubire ku kazi.
8. Bishobora gufata amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12 kugira ngo wongere gukora siporo, ubusanzwe amezi 9
Ni izihe ngaruka ushobora kwitega nyuma yo kubagwa ACL?
Dukurikije ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku barwayi 7.556 bari bafite ACL reconstruction, abarwayi benshi bashoboye gusubira mu mikino yabo (81%). Bibiri bya gatatu by'abarwayi bashoboye gusubira mu mikino yabo mbere yo gukomereka, naho 55% bashoboye gusubira mu rwego rwo hejuru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama 16-2025
