Mu rwego rwubuvuzi bugezweho, amagufwa yubukorikori, nkikoranabuhanga rikomeye ryubuvuzi, yazanye ibyiringiro bishya kubarwayi batabarika. Hifashishijwe ibikoresho siyanse nubuhanga bwubuvuzi, amagufwa yubukorikori agira uruhare runini mugusana amagufwa no kwiyubaka. Mugihe kimwe, abantu bafite ibibazo byinshi kubyerekeye amagufwa yubukorikori. Kurugero, ni izihe ndwara amagufwa yubukorikori akwiranye? Ibikoresho bikoreshwa muguhuza amagufwa yubukorikori byangiza umubiri wumuntu? Ni izihe ngaruka mbi zamagufwa yubukorikori? Ibikurikira, tuzakora isesengura ryimbitse ryibi bibazo.
Indwara zibereye gutera amagufwa
Ubuhanga bwo gutera amagufwa yubuhanga bukoreshwa cyane mukuvura indwara zitandukanye ziterwa namagufwa. Mu rwego rwo guhahamuka kwa orthopedic, iyo inenge yamagufa iterwa no kuvunika gukabije, amagufwa yubukorikori arashobora gukoreshwa nkibikoresho byuzuye kugirango yuzuze igice cyabuze igufwa kandi biteze imbere gukira kwavunitse. Kurugero, niba umurwayi afite kuvunika kumugaragaro, igufwa ryangiritse cyane kandi kwimura amagufwa ya autologique byangiritse, noneho amagufwa yubukorikori arashobora gutanga infashanyo kumwanya wavunitse kandi agakora microen ibidukikije ifasha gukura kwingirabuzimafatizo.
Ku bijyanye no kuvura ibibyimba byo mu magufa, inenge nini zamagufa zisigara nyuma yo gukuramo ibibyimba. Gutera amagufwa yubukorikori birashobora gufasha kugarura imiterere nimikorere yamagufa, kugumana ubusugire bwibihimba, no kwirinda ubumuga bwingingo buterwa no gutakaza amagufwa. Byongeye kandi, mu kubaga umugongo, amagufwa yubukorikori akoreshwa kenshi mu guhuza ibibyimba, guhuza inkondo y'umura imbere n'ibindi bikorwa. Irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango yuzuze umwanya uhuza ibinyabuzima, guteza imbere guhuza amagufwa hagati yintegamubiri, guhagarika imiterere yumugongo, no kugabanya ububabare nibimenyetso byo kwikuramo imitsi biterwa no gukomeretsa kwa disikete no guhungabana. Byongeye kandi, kuri bamwe mu barwayi bageze mu zabukuru bafite ivunika rya osteoporotic vertebral compression, amagufwa yubukorikori arashobora kongera imbaraga zurugingo nyuma yo guterwa, kugabanya ububabare, no kuzamura imibereho yumurwayi.
Umutekano wibikoresho byamagufwa yubukorikori
Umutekano wibintu byamagufwa yubukorikori nibyo byibandwaho nabantu. Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho byamagufwa bikoreshwa cyane cyane birimo ibikoresho bya bioceramic (nka tricalcium phosphate na hydroxyapatite), bioglass, ibikoresho byuma (nka titanium alloy na titanium) nibikoresho bya polymer (aside polylactique). Ibi bikoresho byakorewe ubushakashatsi bwinshi nubushakashatsi bukomeye bwamavuriro mbere yo gukoreshwa kumubiri wumuntu.
Ibikoresho bya bioceramic bifite biocompatibilité nziza na osteoconductivity. Ibigize imiti isa nibigize organic organique mumagufa yabantu. Zishobora kuyobora amagufwa yo gukura no gutandukanya hejuru yibintu hanyuma buhoro buhoro bigahuza numubiri wumuntu. Mubisanzwe, ntabwo bazatera reaction igaragara yo kwangwa. Bioglass ifite kandi ibikorwa byiza byibinyabuzima kandi irashobora gukora imiti ikomeye hamwe nuduce twamagufwa kugirango iteze imbere gusana no kuvugurura ingingo zamagufwa. Titanium alloys na titanium bifite imbaraga nyinshi, birwanya ruswa kandi biocompatibilité nziza. Zikoreshwa cyane mubice bihimbano hamwe nibikoresho byo gutunganya amagufwa. Ikoreshwa ryigihe kirekire ryamavuriro yerekana kandi ko afite umutekano mwinshi cyane. Ibikoresho bya polymer byangirika birashobora kwangirika buhoro buhoro muri molekile ntoya itagira ingaruka mumubiri kandi bigahinduka kandi bigasohoka numubiri wumuntu, birinda ibyago byo kubagwa kabiri. Nubwo, nubwo ibyo bikoresho bifite umutekano muri rusange, abarwayi bamwe bashobora kuba allergique kubintu bimwe na bimwe cyangwa bakagira izindi ngaruka mbi kubera gutandukana kwabantu.
Ingaruka zamagufwa yubukorikori
Nubwo amagufwa yubukorikori ashobora guteza imbere gusana amagufwa mubihe byinshi, hashobora kubaho ingaruka mbi. Kubaga kwatewe ubwabyo bifite ingaruka zimwe, nko kwandura no kuva amaraso. Niba igikomere kidakemuwe neza nyuma yo kubagwa, bagiteri irashobora gutera aho babaga igatera kwandura, amaherezo iganisha ku gutukura kwaho, kubyimba, kubabara no kugira umuriro. Mubihe bikomeye, birashobora kugira ingaruka kumyakire yamagufwa yubukorikori ndetse bigasaba no kuvanaho igufwa ryubukorikori kugirango ryangirwe. Byongeye kandi, nyuma yo guterwa amagufwa yubukorikori, abarwayi bamwe bashobora guhura nububabare bwaho no kubyimba, ibyo bikaba bishobora kuba bifitanye isano numubiri uhangayikishijwe numubiri nyuma yo guterwa ibikoresho hamwe nimpinduka zijyanye no guhuza n'imiterere yinyama zikikije. Mubisanzwe, ububabare buzagenda buhoro buhoro mugihe, ariko mubarwayi bake, ububabare bumara igihe kirekire kandi bugira ingaruka mubuzima bwabo bwa buri munsi.
Byongeye kandi, bisaba igihe runaka kugirango amagufwa yubukorikori ahuze namagufa yabantu. Niba bakubiswe nimbaraga zo hanze cyangwa ibikorwa birenze urugero mugihe cyo gukira, amagufwa yubukorikori arashobora guhinduka cyangwa kurekura, bikagira ingaruka kubikorwa byo gusana, kandi hazakenerwa kubagwa kugirango uhindure cyangwa wongere ubikosore. Byongeye kandi, kumagufa yubukorikori akozwe mubikoresho byangirika, hariho itandukaniro ryumuntu kugipimo cyo kwangirika hamwe nuburyo bwo guhinduranya ibicuruzwa byangirika. Niba bitesha agaciro vuba, ntibashobora gutanga igihe gihagije cyo gusana amagufwa. Niba ibicuruzwa bitesha agaciro bidashobora gusohoka mu mubiri mugihe, bizirundanyiriza hamwe, bishobora gutera uburibwe kandi bikagira ingaruka kumasanwa.
In rusange, amagufwa yubukorikori atanga ubuvuzi bwiza kubarwayi benshi barwaye amagufwa. Iyo ikoreshejwe mubihe bikwiye, irashobora kuzamura cyane imibereho yabarwayi. Nubwo ibikoresho bikoreshwa muguhuza amagufwa yubukorikori muri rusange bifite umutekano, hari ingaruka zimwe ningaruka. Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga, ibikoresho byamagufwa nubuhanga byitezwe ko bizaba byiza kurushaho mugihe kizaza, bishobora kuzana abarwayi uburambe bwo kuvura hamwe ningaruka nziza zo kuvura.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-04-2025
