Amagufwa ya orthopedic sima ni ibikoresho byubuvuzi bikoreshwa cyane mu kubaga amagufwa. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mugukosora prothèse yubukorikori, kuzuza imyenge yamagufwa, no gutanga inkunga no gukosora kuvura kuvunika. Yuzuza icyuho kiri hagati yingingo zikorana nuduce twamagufwa, igabanya kwambara kandi ikwirakwiza imihangayiko, kandi ikongera ingaruka zo kubaga gusimburana hamwe.
Imikoreshereze nyamukuru yimisumari ya sima ni:
1. Gusana ibice byavunitse: sima yamagufa irashobora gukoreshwa mukuzuza no gutunganya ibibanza byavunitse.
2. Kubaga amagufwa: Mu kubaga amagufwa, sima yo mu magufa ikoreshwa mu gusana no kubaka ubuso buhuriweho.
3. Gusana inenge yamagufa: sima yamagufa irashobora kuzuza inenge yamagufa kandi igatera amagufwa kuvugurura.
Byiza cyane, sima yamagufa igomba kuba ifite ibintu bikurikira: (1) inshinge zihagije, imitunganyirize ya programme, cohesion, na radiopacity kubintu byiza byo gufata neza; (2) imbaraga zihagije zo gukanika imbaraga; . (4) osteoconductivity nziza na osteoinductivite kugirango iteze imbere amagufwa mashya; . na (6) ubushobozi bwiza bwo gutanga ibiyobyabwenge.
Mu myaka ya za 70, sima yamagufa yari yarakoreshejwegufatanyagutunganya prothèse, kandi irashobora no gukoreshwa nko kuzuza tissue no gusana ibikoresho muri orthopedie na menyo. Kugeza ubu, sima yamagufwa akoreshwa cyane kandi yakozwe mubushakashatsi harimo polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sima yamagufa, calcium fosifate yamagufa ya sima na calcium sulfate yamagufa ya sima. Kugeza ubu, ubwoko bukunze gukoreshwa mu magufa ya sima harimo polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sima yamagufa, calcium fosifate yamagufa ya sima na calcium sulfate yamagufa ya sima, muri yo harimo sima ya PMMA amagufwa na calcium fosifate yamagufwa ya sima niyo akoreshwa cyane. Nyamara, calcium sulfate yamagufa ya sima ifite imikorere mibi yibinyabuzima kandi ntishobora gukora imiti ihuza imiti ya calcium sulfate nudusimba twamagufwa, kandi bizangirika vuba. Kalisiyumu sulfate yamagufa ya sima irashobora kwinjizwa rwose mugihe cyibyumweru bitandatu nyuma yo guterwa mumubiri. Iyangirika ryihuse ntabwo rihuye nuburyo bwo gukora amagufwa. Kubwibyo, ugereranije na calcium fosifate yamagufa ya sima, iterambere nogukoresha kwa calcium sulfate yamagufa ya sima ni bike. PMMA amagufwa ya sima ni polymer ya acrylic yakozwe no kuvanga ibice bibiri: methyl methacrylate monomer na methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer. Ifite ibisigisigi bike bya monomer, kurwanya umunaniro muke no gucika intege, kandi birashobora gutera amagufwa mashya kandi bikagabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kuvunika biterwa no kuvunika hamwe nimbaraga zikomeye cyane hamwe na plastike. Igice kinini cyifu yacyo ni polymethyl methacrylate cyangwa methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, kandi igice kinini cyamazi ni methyl methacrylate monomer.
Isima rya sima ya PMMA ifite imbaraga nyinshi kandi zifite plastike, kandi irakomera vuba, kugirango abarwayi bashobore kuva muburiri bagakora ibikorwa byo gusubiza mu buzima busanzwe nyuma yo kubagwa. Ifite plastike nziza cyane, kandi uyikoresha arashobora gukora plastike yose mbere yuko sima yamagufa ikomera. Ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza yumutekano, kandi ntabwo byangiritse cyangwa ngo byinjizwe numubiri wumuntu nyuma yo gukora mumubiri. Imiterere yimiti irahamye, kandi imiterere yubukanishi iramenyekana.
Nubwo bimeze bityo ariko, iracyafite ibibi bimwe na bimwe, nko rimwe na rimwe gutera umuvuduko mwinshi mu mitsi yo mu magufwa mu gihe cyo kuzura, bigatuma ibitonyanga by'amavuta byinjira mu mitsi y'amaraso bigatera embolisme. Bitandukanye n'amagufa y'abantu, ingingo zubukorikori zirashobora guhinduka igihe. PMMA monomers irekura ubushyuhe mugihe cya polymerisation, ishobora kwangiza ingirangingo cyangwa selile. Ibikoresho bigize sima yamagufa bifite cytotoxicity, nibindi.
Ibigize muri sima yamagufa birashobora gutera allergie reaction, nko guhubuka, urticaria, dyspnea nibindi bimenyetso, kandi mugihe gikomeye, hashobora kubaho ihungabana rya anaphylactique. Kwipimisha allergie bigomba gukorwa mbere yo gukoreshwa kugirango wirinde allergie. Ingaruka mbi kuri sima yamagufa zirimo sima yamagufa ya allergique reaction, kumagufa ya sima kumeneka, kugabanuka kwa sima kumagufa no gutandukana. Kuvunika amagufa ya sima birashobora gutera uburibwe hamwe nuburozi bwuburozi, ndetse birashobora no kwangiza imitsi nimiyoboro yamaraso, bigatera ibibazo. Amagufa ya sima yo gutunganya ni ayo kwizerwa kandi arashobora kumara imyaka irenga icumi, cyangwa imyaka irenga makumyabiri.
Kubaga amagufa ya sima nubusanzwe bwo kubaga byibuze, kandi izina ryayo rya siyansi ni vertebroplasty. Amagufa ya sima nigikoresho cya polymer gifite amazi meza mbere yo gukomera. Irashobora kwinjirira mu buryo bworoshye urutirigongo ikoresheje urushinge rwacumita, hanyuma igakwirakwira ku gice cyimbere cy'imbere cyavunitse; sima yamagufa irakomera muminota igera ku 10, igashyira ibice mumagufwa, kandi sima ikomeye yamagufa irashobora kugira uruhare runini mumagufwa, bigatuma urutirigongo rukomera. Igikorwa cyose cyo kuvura gifata iminota 20-30 gusa.
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda gukwirakwizwa nyuma yo guterwa amagufwa ya sima, hakozwe ubwoko bushya bwibikoresho byo kubaga, aribyo bikoresho bya vertebroplasti. Ikora uduce duto ku mugongo wumurwayi kandi ikoresha urushinge rwihariye rwo gutobora umubiri wurugingo rwanyuze mu ruhu rukurikiranwa na X-ray kugirango hashyizweho umuyoboro ukora. Noneho hashyizwemo ballon kugirango ibe umubiri wavunitse wavunitse, hanyuma sima yamagufa yinjizwa mumubiri wurugingo kugirango igarure isura yumubiri wavunitse. Amagufwa ya kanseri mu mubiri wa vertebral yegeranye no kwaguka kwa ballon kugirango bibe inzitizi yo gukumira amagufwa ya sima, mugihe bigabanya umuvuduko mugihe cyo gutera amagufa ya sima, bityo bikagabanya cyane kumeneka kwa sima. Irashobora kugabanya ibibazo byingutu zijyanye no kuruhuka kuryama, nko kumusonga, ibisebe byumuvuduko, kwandura kwinkari, nibindi, kandi bikirinda inzitizi mbi ya osteoporose iterwa no gutakaza amagufwa kubera kuruhuka igihe kirekire.
Niba kubagwa kwa PKP, umurwayi agomba kuruhuka muburiri mugihe cyamasaha 2 nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi ashobora guhindukirira umurongo. Muri iki gihe, niba hari ibyiyumvo bidasanzwe cyangwa ububabare bukomeje kwiyongera, muganga agomba kubimenyeshwa mugihe.
Icyitonderwa:
Irinde kuzenguruka runini runini no kuzunguruka;
Irinde kwicara cyangwa guhagarara umwanya muremure;
Irinde gutwara uburemere cyangwa kunama ngo ufate ibintu hasi;
Irinde kwicara ku ntebe yo hasi;
Irinde kugwa no kugaruka kuvunika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2024
