Sima y'amagufwa y'amagufwa ni ibikoresho by'ubuvuzi bikoreshwa cyane mu kubaga amagufwa. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gusana insinga z'inkorano, kuzuza ibikomere by'amagufwa, no gutanga ubufasha no gufunga mu kuvura imvune. Yuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y'ingingo z'inkorano n'ingingo z'amagufwa, igabanya kwangirika no gukwirakwiza imihangayiko, kandi yongera ingaruka zo kubaga ingingo zisimbura izindi.
Imikoreshereze y'ingenzi y'imisumari ya sima y'amagufwa ni:
1. Gusana amagufwa yavunitse: Sima y'amagufwa ishobora gukoreshwa mu kuzuza no gusana aho yavunitse.
2. Kubaga amagufwa: Mu kubaga amagufwa, sima y'amagufwa ikoreshwa mu gusana no kongera kubaka ingingo.
3. Gusana amagufwa afite inenge: Sima y'amagufwa ishobora kuzuza amagufwa no gutuma ingirabuzimafatizo z'amagufwa zivugururwa.
Byaba byiza, sima y'amagufwa igomba kugira ibi bikurikira: (1) ubushobozi bwo kuyitera buhagije, ubushobozi bwo kuyitegura, guhuza, no gukoresha imirasire kugira ngo ikore neza; (2) imbaraga zihagije za mekanike kugira ngo ikomeze ako kanya; (3) ubushobozi buhagije bwo gutuma amazi atembera neza, kwimuka kw'uturemangingo, no gukura kw'amagufwa mashya; (4) ubushobozi bwiza bwo kuyobora amagufwa no kuyihindura kugira ngo amagufwa mashya akore neza; (5) ubushobozi bwo kwangirika ku rugero ruciriritse kugira ngo ibintu bya sima y'amagufwa bihuzwe no gukururwa kw'amagufwa mashya; na (6) ubushobozi bwo gutanga imiti neza.
Mu myaka ya 1970, sima y'amagufwa yakoreshejwe muingingoGufata poroteyine, kandi ishobora no gukoreshwa nk'ibikoresho byo kuzuza no gusana ingingo mu buvuzi bw'amagufwa n'amenyo. Kuri ubu, sima y'amagufwa ikoreshwa cyane kandi yakozweho ubushakashatsi irimo sima y'amagufwa ya polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sima y'amagufwa ya calcium phosphate na sima y'amagufwa ya calcium sulfate. Muri iki gihe, ubwoko bwa sima y'amagufwa bukoreshwa cyane burimo sima y'amagufwa ya polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), sima y'amagufwa ya calcium phosphate na sima y'amagufwa ya calcium sulfate, muri zo sima y'amagufwa ya PMMA na sima y'amagufwa ya calcium phosphate ni byo bikoreshwa cyane. Ariko, sima y'amagufwa ya calcium sulfate ifite imikorere mibi ya biyolojiya kandi ntishobora gukora imiyoboro ya chemical hagati y'udusimba twa calcium sulfate n'uturemangingo tw'amagufwa, kandi izangirika vuba. Sima y'amagufwa ya calcium sulfate ishobora kwinjiza burundu mu byumweru bitandatu nyuma yo gushyirwa mu mubiri. Uku kwangirika vuba ntibihuye n'uburyo amagufwa akorwamo. Kubwibyo, ugereranije na sima y'amagufwa ya calcium phosphate, iterambere n'ikoreshwa rya sima y'amagufwa ya calcium sulfate ni bike cyane. Sima y'amagufwa ya PMMA ni polymer ya acrylic igizwe no kuvanga ibice bibiri: monomer y'amazi ya methyl methacrylate na copolymer ya dynamic methyl methacrylate-styrene. Ifite ibisigazwa bike bya monomer, ubushobozi buke bwo kwihanganira umunaniro no gucikagurika kw'imihangayiko, kandi ishobora gutera ihinduka rishya ry'amagufwa no kugabanya ingaruka mbi ziterwa no kuvunika cyane kandi ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no gushonga. Igice cy'ingenzi cy'ifu yayo ni polymethyl methacrylate cyangwa methyl methacrylate-styrene copolymer, naho igice cy'ingenzi cy'amazi ni methyl methacrylate monomer.
Sima y'amagufwa ya PMMA ifite imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura no gushonga, kandi ikomera vuba, bityo abarwayi bashobora kuva mu buriri bagakora ibikorwa byo kuvura hakiri kare nyuma yo kubagwa. Ifite imiterere myiza yo gushonga, kandi uyikoresha ashobora gukora plasticity iyo ari yo yose mbere yuko sima y'amagufwa ikomera. Ibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza mu mutekano, kandi ntabwo yangirika cyangwa ngo yinjire mu mubiri w'umuntu nyuma yo kwirema mu mubiri. Imiterere ya shimi irahamye, kandi imiterere y'imikorere iramenyekana.
Ariko, iracyafite ingaruka mbi zimwe na zimwe, nko gutera umuvuduko mwinshi mu mwobo w'amagufwa mu gihe cyo kuzura, bigatuma ibinure byinjira mu mitsi y'amaraso bigatera embolisme. Bitandukanye n'amagufwa y'abantu, ingingo z'ubukorano zishobora gukomeza kurekura uko igihe kigenda gihita. Monomer za PMMA zirekura ubushyuhe mu gihe cyo gupima, bishobora kwangiza ingirangingo cyangwa utunyangingo tuyikikije. Ibikoresho bigize sima y'amagufwa bifite uburozi runaka, nibindi.
Ibintu biri muri sima y'amagufwa bishobora gutera ubwivumbure, nko kurwara uduheri, urticaria, kubura umwuka n'ibindi bimenyetso, kandi mu bihe bikomeye, hashobora kubaho impanuka ya anaphylactic. Isuzuma rya ubwivumbure rigomba gukorwa mbere yo gukoreshwa kugira ngo hirindwe ubwivumbure. Ingaruka mbi ku sima y'amagufwa zirimo ubwivumbure bw'amagufwa, kuvira kwa sima y'amagufwa, kudohoka no kwimuka kw'amagufwa. Kuvira kwa sima y'amagufwa bishobora gutera ububyimbirwe n'ingaruka mbi z'uburozi, ndetse bishobora no kwangiza imitsi n'imitsi y'amaraso, bigatera ingorane. Gukomera kwa sima y'amagufwa ni ikintu cyizewe kandi gishobora kumara imyaka irenga icumi, cyangwa ndetse imyaka irenga makumyabiri.
Kubaga sima y'amagufwa ni uburyo busanzwe bwo kubaga butagira ingaruka nyinshi, kandi izina ryayo rya siyansi ni vertebroplasty. Sima y'amagufwa ni ibikoresho bya polymer bifite ubushyuhe bwiza mbere yo gukomera. Bishobora kwinjira mu mugongo byoroshye binyuze mu rushinge rwo gutobora, hanyuma bigakwirakwira mu mivune y'imbere y'umugongo; sima y'amagufwa ikomera mu minota 10, igashyiramo imivune mu magufwa, kandi sima ikomeye y'amagufwa ishobora kugira uruhare mu magufwa, bigatuma umugongo ukomera. Uburyo bwose bwo kuvura bufata iminota 20-30 gusa.
Mu rwego rwo kwirinda gukwirakwira nyuma yo gutera sima y'amagufwa, hakozwe ubwoko bushya bw'igikoresho cyo kubaga, ari cyo icyuma gikoresha vertebroplasty. Gikora agace gato ku mugongo w'umurwayi kandi gikoresha urushinge rwihariye rwo gutobora umubiri w'umugongo unyuze mu ruhu hifashishijwe X-ray kugira ngo hashyirweho umuyoboro ukora. Hanyuma hashyirwamo agapira kugira ngo gashushanye umubiri w'umugongo wavunitse, hanyuma sima y'amagufwa ishyirwa mu mubiri w'umugongo kugira ngo yongere isura y'umubiri w'umugongo wavunitse. Igufwa riva mu mugongo rishyirwa mu buryo bwo kwagura agapira kugira ngo ribe uruzitiro rwo kwirinda gusohoka kwa sima y'amagufwa, mu gihe bigabanya umuvuduko mu gihe cyo gutera sima y'amagufwa, bityo bigagabanya cyane gusohoka kwa sima y'amagufwa. Bishobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no kuruhuka ku buriri, nka pneumonia, ibisebe by'umuvuduko, indwara zo mu nzira y'inkari, nibindi, kandi birinda uruhererekane rubi rwa osteoporosis ruterwa no gutakaza amagufwa bitewe no kuruhuka ku buriri igihe kirekire.
Iyo habayeho kubagwa PKP, umurwayi agomba kuruhuka mu buriri mu masaha 2 nyuma yo kubagwa, kandi akaba ashobora kuzenguruka ku murongo. Muri iki gihe, niba hari ikintu kidasanzwe cyangwa ububabare bukomeje kwiyongera, muganga agomba kubimenyesha ku gihe.
Icyitonderwa:
① Irinde gukora ibikorwa byo kuzunguruka ikibuno kinini no kunama;
② Irinde kwicara cyangwa guhagarara igihe kirekire;
③ Irinde kwikorera ibintu biremereye cyangwa kunama kugira ngo ufate ibintu biri hasi;
④ Irinde kwicara ku ntebe ndende;
⑤ Irinde kugwa no kongera kuvunika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-25-2024
