Amakosa aterwa n'umurwayi wo kubagwa n'aho aherereye ni akomeye kandi ashobora kwirindwa. Nk'uko Komisiyo Ihuriweho Ishinzwe Kwemeza Imiryango Ishinzwe Ubuvuzi ibivuga, amakosa nk'ayo ashobora gukorwa muri 41% by'ababaga amagufwa/abana. Ku babagwa uruti rw'umugongo, ikosa riterwa n'aho akorerwa iyo igice cy'umugongo cyangwa urwego rw'inyuma rudakora neza. Uretse kunanirwa gukemura ibimenyetso by'umurwayi n'indwara ze, amakosa aterwa n'igice cy'umugongo ashobora gutera ibibazo bishya by'ubuvuzi nko kwangirika kw'amagufwa cyangwa kudakomera kw'umugongo mu bice bitagaragara cyangwa bisanzwe.
Hariho kandi ibibazo by’amategeko bifitanye isano n’amakosa yo mu gice cy’umugongo mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo, kandi rubanda, inzego za leta, ibitaro, n’amashyirahamwe y’abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga ntibihanganira na gato ayo makosa. Kubaga uruti rw’umugongo kenshi, nko kubaga discectomy, fusion, laminectomy decompression, na kyphoplasty, bikorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gupima inyuma, kandi gushyira urwego rwiza ni ingenzi. Nubwo ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryo gufata amashusho, amakosa yo mu gice cy’umugongo aracyabaho, aho umubare w’abarwaye uri hagati ya 0.032% na 15% bivugwa mu nyandiko. Nta mwanzuro uraboneka ku buryo bwo gushyira mu mwanya w’umugongo neza kurusha ubundi.
Intiti zo mu Ishami ry’Ubuvuzi bw’Amagufwa mu Ishuri ry’Ubuvuzi rya Mount Sinai, muri Amerika, zakoze ubushakashatsi ku bibazo byakorewe kuri interineti zigaragaza ko abaganga benshi b’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo bakoresha uburyo buke bwo kumenya aho ibintu biherereye, kandi ko gusobanura impamvu zisanzwe zitera amakosa bishobora kugira akamaro mu kugabanya amakosa yo kubaga, mu nkuru yasohotse muri Gicurasi 2014 mu kinyamakuru Spine J. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe ibibazo byatanzwe kuri imeri. Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe hakoreshejwe umurongo woherejwe kuri imeri ugana ku bibazo byoherejwe ku bagize ishyirahamwe ry’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo ryo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru (harimo abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo n’abaganga b’imitsi). Urutonde rw’ibibazo rwoherejwe rimwe gusa, nk’uko byasabwe n’ishyirahamwe ry’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo ryo muri Amerika y’Amajyaruguru. Abaganga 2338 bose hamwe babyakiriye, 532 bafungura umurongo, naho 173 (igipimo cya 7.4%) barangije ikibazo. Mirongo irindwi na babiri ku ijana by’abarangije bari abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo, 28% bari abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo, naho 73% bari abaganga b’inzobere mu kubaga uruti rw’umugongo bari mu mahugurwa.
Urutonde rw'ibibazo rwari rugizwe n'ibibazo 8 (Ishusho ya 1) bikubiyemo uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gutandukanya ibintu (haba ku bimenyetso by'umubiri no gutandukanya amashusho), umubare w'amakosa yo kubaga ibice, n'isano iri hagati y'uburyo bwo gutandukanya ibintu n'amakosa yo gutandukanya ibice. Urutonde rw'ibibazo ntirwapimwe cyangwa ngo rwemezwe. Urutonde rw'ibibazo rwemerera guhitamo ibisubizo byinshi.
Ishusho ya 1 Ibibazo umunani byavuye mu bibazo. Ibisubizo byagaragaje ko fluoroscopy mu gihe cyo kubaga ari bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane mu gupima aho umuntu abagwa mu gituza n'umugongo w'inyuma (89% na 86%, uko bikurikirana), hagakurikiraho radiyo (54% na 58%). Abaganga 76 bahisemo gukoresha uburyo bwombi buvanze mu gupima aho umuntu abagwa. Imikorere y'imigongo n'imigongo ijyanye nayo nibyo bintu bikunze gukoreshwa cyane mu kubaga umugongo w'inyuma n'umugongo w'inyuma (67% na 59%), hagakurikiraho imikorere y'imigongo (49% na 52%) (Ishusho ya 2). 68% by'abaganga bemeye ko bakoze amakosa yo gupima aho umuntu abagwa mu buryo butandukanye mu kazi kabo, amwe muri yo akaba yarakosowe mu gihe cyo kubagwa (Ishusho ya 3).
Igishushanyo cya 2 Uburyo bwo gushushanya no gushyira ahantu hagaragara ibintu byakoreshejwe.
Igishushanyo cya 3. Umuganga n'umuganga bakosora amakosa yo mu gice cyo kubaga.
Ku makosa yo kumenya aho umubiri uherereye, 56% by'aba baganga bakoresheje radiyo mbere yo kubagwa naho 44% bakoresheje fluoroscopy mu gihe cyo kubagwa. Impamvu zisanzwe zo gukora amakosa yo gushyira umubiri mu mwanya wabwo mbere yo kubagwa ni ukunanirwa kubona aho umubiri uherereye hazwi (urugero, uruti rw'umugongo rwa sacral ntirwari ruri muri MRI), impinduka mu miterere y'umubiri (uruti rw'umugongo rwakuwe mu mwanya wa lumbar cyangwa imbavu 13), n'ibice bito bitewe n'imiterere y'umubiri w'umurwayi (X-ray igaragara neza). Impamvu zikunze gutera amakosa yo gushyira umubiri mu mwanya wabwo nyuma yo kubagwa harimo kuvugana nabi n'umuganga w'indwara zo mu mutwe, kunanirwa kongera gushyira umubiri mu mwanya wabwo nyuma yo gushyiraho umubiri (kwimuka k'urushinge rwo gushyira umubiri mu mwanya wabwo nyuma yo gushyiraho umubiri wabwo), n'ibice by'ubuvuzi bitari byo mu gihe cyo gushyiraho umubiri wabwo (lumbar 3/4 uhereye ku mbavu zimanuka) (Ishusho ya 4).
Ishusho ya 4 Impamvu zituma habaho amakosa yo kumenya aho umubiri uherereye mbere yo kubagwa no mu gihe cyo kubagwa.
Ibisubizo byavuzwe haruguru bigaragaza ko nubwo hari uburyo bwinshi bwo gushyira mu mwanya w’umuntu, abaganga benshi bakoresha bumwe muri bwo gusa. Nubwo amakosa yo kubaga ibice by’umubiri adakunze kubaho, byaba byiza adahari. Nta buryo busanzwe bwo gukuraho aya makosa; icyakora, gufata umwanya wo gukora imiterere no kumenya impamvu zisanzwe zitera amakosa yo kubaga ibice by’umubiri bishobora gufasha kugabanya umubare w’amakosa yo kubaga ibice by’umubiri mu mugongo wa thoracolumbar.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nyakanga-24-2024
