Ikoranabuhanga ryo gukata imisumari mu nda ni uburyo bukoreshwa cyane mu gufata imisumari mu nda. Amateka yayo ashobora gukurikizwa mu myaka ya 1940. Ikoreshwa cyane mu kuvura imvune ndende z'amagufwa, non-unions, nibindi, binyuze mu gushyira umusumari mu nda hagati mu mwobo wa medullary. Kosora aho imvune yavunitse. Muri ibi bibazo, tuzabagezaho ibikubiye ku nzara zo mu nda.
Mu magambo make, inzara zo mu gice cya kabiri cy'umugongo ni imiterere miremire ifite imyobo myinshi ifunga ku mpera zombi kugira ngo ifashe impera zo hafi n'izo mu gice cya nyuma cy'umugongo. Dukurikije imiterere itandukanye, zishobora kugabanywamo ibice bikomeye, by'imiyoboro, by'igice gifunguye, nibindi, bikwiriye abarwayi batandukanye. Urugero, inzara zo mu gice cya kabiri cy'umugongo zirwanya ubwandu kuko zidafite umwanya wo kwica imbere. Ubushobozi bwiza.
Dufashe urugero rw'ikibuno cy'umugongo, uburebure bw'umugongo w'umugongo buratandukanye cyane ku barwayi batandukanye. Dukurikije niba bikenewe ko umunyururu w'umugongo ukorwa, inzara zo mu nda zishobora kugabanywamo imisumari ikozwe mu buryo bwa "reamed" n'izidakozwe mu buryo bwa "reamed". Itandukaniro riri mu kumenya niba ibyuma byo mu nda bigomba gukoreshwa mu gukurura imisumari, harimo ibikoresho by'intoki cyangwa amashanyarazi, nibindi, kandi uduce duto tw'imashini duto dukoreshwa mu kwagura umugongo w'umugongo kugira ngo dushobore kwakira inzara zo mu nda nini.
Ariko, inzira yo kwaguka k'umusemburo yangiza endosteum, nk'uko bigaragara ku ishusho, kandi ikagira ingaruka ku gice cy'amaraso aturuka mu igufwa, bishobora gutuma amagufwa yo mu gace agwamo by'agateganyo ndetse bikongera ibyago byo kwandura. Ariko, bifitanye isano n'ibyo, ubushakashatsi bwa muganga buhakana ko hari itandukaniro rinini. Hari kandi ibitekerezo byemeza agaciro ko gukangura imitsi. Ku ruhande rumwe, inzara zo mu nda zifite umurambararo munini zishobora gukoreshwa mu gukangura imitsi. Ingufu no kuramba biriyongera uko umurambararo wiyongera, kandi agace gahuza umwobo w'umusemburo kariyongera. Hari kandi igitekerezo cy'uko uduce duto tw'amagufwa twakozwe mu gihe cyo kwaguka k'umusemburo na two tugira uruhare runaka mu gutera amagufwa mu buryo bw'umubiri.
Ingingo nyamukuru ishyigikira uburyo bwo kudatera imyakura ni uko bushobora kugabanya ibyago byo kwandura no gutera imitsi mu bihaha, ariko icyo umuntu atakwirengagiza ni uko uburebure bwabwo bworoshye butuma habaho ubushobozi buke bwo gukora, bigatuma habaho kongera kubagwa. Muri iki gihe, inzara nyinshi zo mu gice cy'imbere cy'ikirenge zikunda gukoresha inzara zagutse zo mu gice cy'imbere cy'ikirenge, ariko ibyiza n'ibibi biracyakeneye gupimwa hashingiwe ku bunini bw'ikirenge cy'umurwayi n'imiterere yacyo yo kuvunika. Icyifuzo cya reamer ni ukugabanya imyakura mu gihe cyo gukata no kugira umuyoboro muremure n'umuyoboro muto w'uburebure, bityo bikagabanya umuvuduko mu kirenge cy'ikirenge no kwirinda gushyuha cyane kw'amagufwa n'ingingo zoroshye biterwa no gutera imyakura. Necrosis.
Nyuma yo gushyiramo umusumari wo mu nda, hakenewe gufunga vis. Gufunga vis mu mwanya wayo gakondo byitwa static locking, kandi hari abantu bizera ko bishobora gutuma gukira gutinda. Mu rwego rwo kunoza, hari imyobo imwe n'imwe ifunga vis ikozwe mu ishusho y'uruziga, byitwa dynamic locking.
Ibi byavuzwe haruguru ni intangiriro ku bice bigize inzara zo mu nda. Mu nomero itaha, tuzabagezaho inzira ngufi yo kubaga inzara zo mu nda.
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: 16 Nzeri 2023
